本书以光电成像目标探测为应用背景，介绍了光电成像技术基础、光电成像传感器基础、光电成像目标检测信息处理基础等知识。全书共分为 8 章，主要内容包括：绪论、光学成像基础、红外物理基础、目标与环境特性、光电成像系统、辐射测量与几何测量、目标检测技术、目标定位与跟踪技术等。本书可作为电子信息类、光学工程类等专业光电成像目标探测方向课程的基础教材，也可供相关领域的工程技术人员学习、参考。

安玮，教授，博导，国防科技大学信息与通信工程一流学科空间信息获取与处理方向学术带头人。军队科技领军人才、国家自然科学基金创新群体核心成员、全国高校黄大年式教师团队核心成员。获军队科技进步一等奖2项、二等奖3项，湖南省高等教育教学成果一等奖1项。授予全国“三八红旗手”称号，立二等功、三等功各1次，享受政府特殊津贴。入选 Stanford 全球前 2% 顶尖科学家。长期从事空间信息获取与处理技术领域的教学科研工作，主持重大装备型号等科研项目。发表学术论文100余篇，2篇论文进入 ESI前1%热点论文，6篇论文进入ESI前1%高被引论文。授权发明专利、软件著作权 50 余项。

第 1 章 绪论 ··································································································································.1
1.1 光电成像的内涵 ···············································································································.1
1.2 光电成像技术的发展历史 ·······························································································.2
1.3 光电成像技术的应用领域 ·······························································································.3
1.4 光电成像与探测典型应用 ·······························································································.6
1.4.1 弹道导弹预警系统 ·······························································································.6
1.4.2 机载红外搜索跟踪系统 ·······················································································.8
习题 ··········································································································································.9
第 2 章 光学成像基础 ················································································································.10
2.1 光学成像信号分析基础 ··································································································.10
2.1.1 二维线性系统 ·····································································································.10
2.1.2 二维傅里叶变换 ·································································································.11
2.1.3 二维线性空间不变系统 ·····················································································.16
2.1.4 二维抽样理论 ·····································································································.17
2.2 透镜的傅里叶变换性质 ·································································································.20
2.2.1 薄透镜的位相调制作用 ·····················································································.20
2.2.2 透镜的傅里叶变换性质 ·····················································································.23
2.2.3 透镜孔径的影响 ·································································································.26
2.3 光学成像系统的一般分析 ·····························································································.27
2.3.1 光学成像系统的普遍模型 ··················································································.27
2.3.2 衍射受限系统的点扩展函数 ··············································································.28
2.3.3 像质评价 ·············································································································.30
习题 ········································································································································.31
参考文献 ································································································································.31
第 3 章 红外物理基础 ················································································································.32
3.1 电磁波谱 ························································································································.32
3.2 红外辐射的基本概念 ·····································································································.33
3.2.1 红外辐射及谱段划分 ·························································································.33
3.2.2 辐射源及其辐射量描述 ·····················································································.34
3.3 相关物理量及热辐射基本定律 ·····················································································.36
3.3.1 辐射照度 ·············································································································.36
3.3.2 黑体及其辐射 ·····································································································.38
3.3.3 基尔霍夫定律 ·····································································································.39
3.3.4 普朗克定律 ·········································································································.40
3.3.5 玻尔兹曼定律 ·····································································································.41
习题 ········································································································································.41
第 4 章 目标与环境特性 ·············································································································.42
4.1 概述 ································································································································.42
4.2 弹道导弹的目标特性 ·····································································································.42
4.2.1 弹道导弹主动段运动特性 ··················································································.43
4.2.2 弹道导弹主动段尾焰辐射特性 ··········································································.48
4.2.3 弹道导弹中段运动特性 ·····················································································.53
4.2.4 弹道导弹中段红外辐射特性 ··············································································.56
4.3 临近空间飞行器的目标特性 ·························································································.59
4.3.1 目标几何与运动特性 ·························································································.59
4.3.2 目标红外辐射特性 ·····························································································.60
4.4 空中飞机的目标特性 ·····································································································.62
4.4.1 目标几何特性 ·····································································································.62
4.4.2 红外辐射特性 ·····································································································.63
4.5 背景环境的辐射特性 ·····································································································.65
4.5.1 太阳辐射特性 ·····································································································.65
4.5.2 地物辐射特性 ·····································································································.66
4.5.3 天空背景与云层辐射特性 ··················································································.67
4.5.4 深空背景和天体辐射特性 ··················································································.69
4.6 地球大气的传输特性 ·····································································································.70
4.6.1 大气的分层 ·········································································································.70
4.6.2 大气的成分 ·········································································································.71
4.6.3 大气传输效应 ·····································································································.72
4.6.4 大气吸收 ·············································································································.72
4.6.5 大气散射 ·············································································································.73
4.6.6 大气传输特性计算 ·····························································································.74
4.7 导弹预警探测波段选择 ·································································································.76
4.7.1 主动段红外探测波段选择 ··················································································.76
4.7.2 中段红外探测波段选择 ·····················································································.77
习题 ········································································································································.78
参考文献 ································································································································.78
第 5 章 光电成像系统 ················································································································.79
5.1 概述 ································································································································.79
5.2 红外光电成像系统 ·········································································································.79
5.2.1 红外光电成像系统的组成 ··················································································.79
5.2.2 红外光电成像的基本过程 ··················································································.80
5.2.3 光学系统结构 ·····································································································.82
5.2.4 扫描系统 ·············································································································.92
5.2.5 空间红外杂散辐射抑制 ·····················································································.96
5.2.6 红外探测器 ·········································································································.97
5.2.7 红外光电成像系统的制冷 ················································································.105
5.3 光电成像系统的基本性能 ···························································································.108
5.3.1 空间分辨率 ·······································································································.108
5.3.2 覆盖视场 ···········································································································.108
5.3.3 系统灵敏度 ·······································································································.109
5.3.4 探测距离 ···········································································································.110
习题 ······································································································································.111
第 6 章 辐射测量与几何测量 ···································································································.112
6.1 辐射测量与几何测量的概念 ·······················································································.112
6.1.1 辐射测量概念 ···································································································.112
6.1.2 几何测量概念 ···································································································.113
6.2 辐射测量原理与方法 ···································································································.114
6.2.1 光电成像辐射响应模型 ···················································································.114
6.2.2 辐射参数定标方法 ···························································································.116
6.2.3 辐射定标源 ·······································································································.117
6.2.4 探测器非均匀校正 ···························································································.119
6.2.5 盲元的判断与处理 ···························································································.125
6.3 相机几何标定 ··············································································································.130
6.3.1 相机成像模型 ···································································································.131
6.3.2 张正友相机标定法 ···························································································.141
6.4 天基成像条件下的视线确定 ·······················································································.148
6.4.1 天基光学传感器成像几何模型与误差来源 ····················································.148
6.4.2 视线误差参数估计原理与方法 ········································································.158
习题 ······································································································································.160
参考文献 ······························································································································.160
第 7 章 目标检测技术 ··············································································································.161
7.1 光电成像与探测信号特性 ···························································································.161
7.1.1 目标信号特性 ···································································································.161
7.1.2 背景信号分析 ···································································································.164
7.1.3 图像信噪比 ·······································································································.165
7.2 点目标检测基本过程 ···································································································.167
7.2.1 先检测后跟踪技术 ···························································································.167
7.2.2 先跟踪后检测技术 ···························································································.168
7.3 红外图像背景抑制技术 ·······························································································.170
7.3.1 空域背景抑制方法 ···························································································.170
7.3.2 时域背景抑制原理 ···························································································.174
7.4 门限分割与性能统计 ···································································································.176
7.4.1 恒虚警检测 ·······································································································.176
7.4.2 基于恒虚警的门限分割 ···················································································.176
7.4.3 检测性能统计分析 ···························································································.179
习题 ······································································································································.181
第 8 章 目标定位与跟踪技术 ···································································································.182
8.1 目标定位原理与方法 ···································································································.182
8.1.1 传感器观测模型 ·······························································································.183
8.1.2 目标定位基本原理 ···························································································.185
8.1.3 定位误差的描述与分析 ···················································································.191
8.2 运动目标跟踪技术 ·······································································································.195
8.2.1 目标跟踪的基本概念 ·······················································································.196
8.2.2 航迹起始 ···········································································································.197
8.2.3 数据关联 ···········································································································.197
8.2.4 跟踪滤波 ···········································································································.198
8.2.5 跟踪终结 ···········································································································.202
8.3 光电成像与探测系统中的目标跟踪示例 ····································································.203
习题 ······································································································································.204
参考文献 ······························································································································.204